Nicholas D. Scielzo

Portrait of  Nicholas D. Scielzo
  • Title
    Group Leader, Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Technologies Group
  • Email
    scielzo1@llnl.gov
  • Phone
    (925) 422-4172
  • Organization
    Not Available

Background and Research Interests

At LLNL, Nicholas Scielzo has established an experimental nuclear physics program that addresses long-standing challenges in understanding the origin of the heavy elements in the cosmos, the structure of exotic nuclei, and the properties of neutrinos and the Standard Model of particle physics, while providing improved nuclear data needed for nuclear-security applications. He has developed innovative techniques that take advantage of radioactive beams together with atomic-physics techniques (ion traps), state-of-the-art radiation detectors, new isotope-collection methods, and nuclear-reaction approaches to perform detailed measurements of nuclear decays and reactions. Scielzo provides guidance for LLNL’s plans in low-energy nuclear physics, plays a central role establishing and working with multidisciplinary teams to develop new nuclear-science techniques, and has been key in expanding LLNL’s presence at radioactive-beam facilities such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB).

Ph.D., Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 2003

M.S., Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 1999

B.A., Chemistry and Physics, Harvard University, 1997

K.N. Kmak et al., “Measurement of the 175Hf half-life.” Physical Review C 111, 024308 (2025).

R. Ghimire et al., “Background subtraction in inelastic scattering measurements using machine learning.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 561, 165649 (2025).

C. Dembski et al., “Extreme shape coexistence observed in 70Co.” Communications Physics 8, 77 (2025).

K. Kolos, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Precise measurements of the gamma-ray intensities following the beta decay of 144Ce and 147Nd.” Physical Review C 110, 024307 (2024).

A.R.L. Kavner et al., “Absolute decay counting of 146Sm with 4pi cryogenic microcalorimetry.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 1065, 169462 (2024).

E.B. Norman et al., “Half-life of 71Ge and the gallium anomaly.” Physical Review C 109, 055501 (2024). Editor’s Choice.

A. Sweet et al., “Nuclear level density and gamma-decay strength of 93Sr.” Physical Review C 109, 054305 (2024).

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo, “Uptake Behavior of 73As, 75Se, 197mHg, 212Pb and 210Po on Eichrom Pre-Filter Resin from HCl and HNO3." Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 333, 2221 (2024).

B. Longfellow et al., “Improved Tensor Current Limit from 8B β Decay Including New Recoil-Order Calculations.” Physical Review Letters 132, 142502 (2024).

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo, “Uptake of arsenic and selenium on irondoped Pb resin.” Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 333, 681 (2024).          

L. Varriano et al., “The Beta-decay Paul Trap Mk IV: Design and commissioning.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 1058, 168818 (2024).

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo, “Uptake behavior of arsenic and selenium with sulfurbased extraction chromatography resins in HCl and HNO3 media.” Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, 333, 441 (2024).

D.E.M. Hoff et al., “Direct mass measurement of 128mSb and its role in nucleosynthesis.” Physical Review Letters 131, 262701 (2023).

A.T. Gallant, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Angular correlations in the beta decay of 8B: First improved tensor-current limits from a mirror-nucleus pair.” Physical Review Letters 130, 192502 (2023).

B. Longfellow et al., “Determination of the 8B neutrino energy spectrum using trapped ions.” Physical Review C Letter 107, L032801 (2023).

S. Satija et al., “Harvesting 88Zr from Heavy-ion Beam Irradiated Tungsten at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory.” Applied Radiation and Isotopes 197, 110831 (2023)

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo. “Behavior of Selenium and Arsenic in HCl and HNO3 on TRU, TEVA, DGA, and Pb Extraction Chromatography Resins.” Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 332, 1647 (2023).

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo, “Extraction of selenium and arsenic with TOA-impregnated XAD-2 resin from HCl.” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (2023).

D.Q. Adams et al., “An energy-dependent electrothermal response model of CUORE cryogenic calorimeter.” Journal of Instrumentation 17, 11 (2022).

I. Nutini et al., “Latest Results from the CUORE Experiment.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 209, 927 (2022).

J.A. Bence et al., “Solid-phase isotope harvesting of 88Zr from a radioactive ion beam facility.” Applied Radiation and Isotopes 189, 110414 (2022).

G.B. Kim et al., “Absolute decay counting of 146Sm and 147Sm for early Solar System chronology.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 209, 824 (2022).

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo, “Development of chemical procedures for isotope harvesting: Separation of trace hafnium from tungsten.” Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 40, 718 (2022).

D.Q. Adams et al., “Search for neutrinoless b+EC decay of 120Te with CUORE.” Physical Review C 105, 065504 (2022).

V. Dompe et al., “Expected sensitivity to 128Te neutrinoless double beta decay with the CUORE TeO2 cryogenic bolometers.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 209, 788 (2022).

D.Q. Adams et al., “New direct limit on neutrinoless double beta decay half-life of 128Te with CUORE.” Physical Review Letters 129, 222501 (2022).

M. Burkey, G. Savard, A.T. Gallant, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Improved limit on tensor currents in the weak interaction from 8Li b decay.” Physical Review Letters 128, 202502 (2022).

G.H. Sargsyan et al., “Impact of clustering on the 8Li b decay and recoil form factors.” Physical Review Letters 128, 202503 (2022).

D.Q. Adams et al., “Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE.” Nature 604, 53 (2022).

D.Q. Adams et al., “CUORE opens the door to tonne-scale cryogenics experiments.” Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 122, 103902 (2022).

G. Wilson et al., Reconstruction of b-delayed neutron energy spectra from recoil-ion spectroscopy of trapped ions.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 1017, 165806 (2021).

K.N. Kmak, J.D. Despotopulos, and N.D. Scielzo, “Separation of zirconium and hafnium from early actinides and rare earth elements with eichrom’s Pb resin in HCl.” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 330, 1027 (2021).

P. Dimitriou et al.,Development of a reference database for beta-delayed neutron emission.” Nuclear Data Sheets 173, 144 (2021).

D.Q. Adams et al., “Search for double-beta decay of 130Te to the 0+ states of 130Xe with CUORE.” European Physical Journal C 81, 567 (2021).

K. Kolos, A.M. Hennessy, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “New approach to precisely measure g-ray intensities for long-lived fission products, with results for the decay of 95Zr.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 1000, 165240 (2021).

D.Q. Adams et al., Measurement of the 2nbb decay half-life of 130Te with CUORE.” Physical Review Letters 126, 171801 (2021).

J. Shusterman, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Aqueous harvesting of 88Zr at a radioactive-ion-beam facility for cross section measurements.” Physical Review C 103, 024614 (2021).

A. Campani et al., “Status and results from the CUORE experiment.” International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, 2044016 (2020).

A. Campani et al., “Lowering the energy threshold of the CUORE experiment.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 200, 321 (2020).

D.Q. Adams et al., “CUORE: The first bolometric experiment at the ton scale for the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 958, 162440 (2020).

D.Q. Adams et al., “Improved limit on neutrinoless double-beta decay in 130Te with CUORE.” Physical Review Letters 124, 122501 (2020).

A. Czeszumska, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Beta-delayed neutron emission studies of 137,138I and 144,145Cs performed with trapped ions.” Physical Review C 101, 024312 (2020).

B.S. Wang, S.A. Caldwell, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Beta-delayed neutron studies of 135,136Sb and 140I performed with trapped ions.” Physical Review C 101, 025806 (2020).

C.S. Loveless et al., “Harvesting 48V at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory.” Applied Radiation and Isotopes 157, 109023 (2020).

C. Alduino et al., “Double-beta decay of 130Te to the first 0+ excited state of 130Xe with CUORE-0.” European Physical Journal C 79, 795 (2019)

E.P. Abel et al., “Isotope harvesting at FRIB: Additional opportunities for scientific discovery.” Journal of Physics G 46, 100501 (2019) – Major Report.

J. Shusterman, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “The surprisingly large neutron capture cross-section of 88Zr.” Nature 565, 328 (2019).

A. Ratkiewicz et al., “Towards Neutron Capture on Exotic Nuclei: Demonstrating (d,p) as a Surrogate Reaction for (n,g).” Physical Review Letters 122, 052502 (2019).

D.Q. Adams et al., “CUORE: The first bolometric experiment at the ton scale for rare decay searches.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 936, 158 (2019).

C. Alduino et al., “Double-beta decay of 130Te to excited states in 130Xe with CUORE-0.” European Physical Journal C 79, 9 (2019).

K. Siegl, K. Kolos, N.D. Scielzo, et al., “Beta-decay half-lives of 134,134mSb and their isomeric yield ratio produced by the spontaneous fission of 252Cf.” Physical Review C 98, 054307 (2018).

C. Alduino et al., “Study of rare nuclear processes with CUORE.” International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, 1843002 (2018).

C. Alduino et al., “Search for neutrinoless b+/EC decay of 120Te with CUORE-0.” Physical Review C 97, 055502 (2018).

J.E. Escher et al., “Constraining Neutron Capture Cross Sections for Unstable Nuclei with Surrogate Reaction Data and Theory.” Physical Review Letters 121, 052501 (2018).

J.M. Munson, K. Siegl, N.D. Scielzo, et al. “Recoil-ion detection efficiency for complex b decays studied using the Beta-decay Paul Trap.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods A 898, 60 (2018).

K. Siegl, N.D. Scielzo, et al. “Recoil ions from the b decay of 134Sb confined in a Paul trap.” Physical Review C 97, 035504 (2018).

C. Alduino et al. “First results from CUORE: A search for lepton number violation via 0nbb decay of 130Te.” Physical Review Letters 120, 132501 (2018).

T.Y. Hirsh et al. “The use of cosmic-ray muons in the energy calibration of the Beta-decay Paul Trap silicon-detector array.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 887, 122 (2018).

C. Alduino et al.Low energy analysis techniques for CUORE.” European Physical Journal C 77, 857 (2017).

C. Alduino et al.The projected background for the CUORE experiment.” European Physical Journal C 77, 543 (2017).

C. Alduino et al. “CUORE sensitivity to 0nbb decay.” European Physical Journal C 77, 532 (2017).

D.R. Artusa et al. “Enriched TeO2 bolometers with active particle discrimination: Towards the CUPID experiment.” Physics Letters B 767, 321 (2017).

J.M. Allmond et al.Particle-gamma coincidence spectroscopy of the N=90 nucleus 154Gd by (p,tg).” European Physical Journal A 53, 62 (2017).

D. Santone et al. “The CUORE cryostat and its bolometric detector.” Journal of Instrumentation 12, C02055 (2017).

C. Alduino et al. “Measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life of 130Te with the CUORE-0 experiment.” European Physical Journal C 77, 13 (2017).

C. Alduino et al. “CUORE-0 detector: design, construction, and operation.” Journal of Instrumentation 11, P07009 (2016).

C. Alduino et al. “Analysis techniques for the evaluation of the neutrinoless double-beta decay lifetime in 130Te with the CUORE-0 detector.” Physical Review C 93, 045503 (2016).

R.O. Hughes et al.Investigation of 88Y via (p,dg) reactions.” Physical Review C 93, 024315 (2016). 

M. Wiedeking et al.Gamma-ray decay from neutron-bound and unbound states in 95Mo and a novel technique for spin determination.” Physical Review C 93, 024303 (2016) 

B. Champine, M.E. Gooden, F. Krishichayan, E.B. Norman, N.D. Scielzo, K.J. Thomas, A.P. Tonchev, and W. Tornow. “Measurement of the 169Tm(n,3n)167Tm cross section and the branching ratios in the decay of 167Tm.” Physical Review C 93, 014611 (2016).

M.G. Sternberg, R. Segel, N.D. Scielzo, et al. “Limit on tensor currents from 8Li beta decay.” Physical Review Letters 115, 182501 (2015).

K. Alfonso et al. “Search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130Te with CUORE-0.” Physical Review Letters 115, 102502 (2015).

B.S. Wang, E.B. Norman, N.D. Scielzo, A.R. Smith, K.J. Thomas, and S.A. Wender. “Cosmogenic-neutron activation of TeO2 and implications for neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments.” Physical Review C 92, 024620 (2015).

S. Ota et al. “Spin differences in the 90Zr compound nucleus induced by (p,p’), (p,d), and (p,t) reactions.” Physical Review C 92, 054603 (2015).

D.R. Artusa et al. “Searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130Te with CUORE.” Advances in High Energy Physics 879871 (2015).

T.J. Ross et al. “Spectroscopy of 153Gd and 157Gd using the (p,dg) reaction.” Physical Review C 90, 044323 (2014).

D.R. Artusa et al. “Exploring the neutrinoless double beta decay in the inverted neutrino hierarchy with bolometric detectors.” European Physical Journal C 74, 3096 (2014).

R.J. Casperson, J.T. Burke, N.D. Scielzo, et al. “Measurement of the 240Am(n,f) cross section using the surrogate-ratio method.” Physical Review C 90, 034601, (2014).

L. Canonica et al. “First CUORE-0 Performance Results and Status of CUORE Experiment.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 176, 986 (2014).

D.R. Artusa et al. “Initial performance of the CUORE-0 experiment.” European Physical Journal C 74, 2956 (2014).

N.D. Scielzo et al. “A novel approach to beta-delayed neutron spectroscopy using the Beta-decay Paul Trap.” Nuclear Data Sheets 120, 70 (2014).

M. Wiedeking et al. “Photon strength function at low energies in 95Mo.” Nuclear Data Sheets 119, 258 (2014).

T.J. Ross et al. “Remnants of spherical shell structures in deformed nuclei: The impact of an N=64 neutron subshell closure on the structure of N~90 gadolinium nuclei.” Physical Review C 88, 031301 (2013).

F. Alessandria et al. “Validation of techniques to mitigate copper surface contamination in CUORE.” Astroparticle Physics 45, 13 (2013).

F. Alessandria et al. “Search for 14.4 keV solar axions from M1 transition of 57Fe with CUORE crystals.” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 5, 007 (2013).

A. Czeszumska et al. “Determining the 239Np(n,f) cross section using the surrogate ratio method.” Physical Review C 87, 034613 (2013).

R.M. Yee, N.D. Scielzo, et al., b-delayed neutron spectroscopy using trapped radioactive ions.” Physical Review Letters 110, 092501 (2013).

G. Li, R. Segel, N.D. Scielzo, et al. “Tensor interaction limit derived from the a-b-n correlation in trapped 8Li ions.” Physical Review Letters 110, 092502 (2013).

F. Alessandria et al. “The low energy spectrum of TeO2 bolometers: results and dark matter perspectives for the CUORE-0 and CUORE experiments.” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 1, 038 (2013).

T.J. Ross et al. “Spectroscopy of 88Y by the (p,dg) reaction.” Physical Review C 86, 067301 (2012).

N.D. Scielzo et al. “The beta-decay Paul trap: A radiofrequency-quadrupole ion trap for precision b-decay studies.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 681, 94 (2012).

F. Alessandria et al. “CUORE crystal validation runs: Results on radioactive contamination and extrapolation to CUORE background.” Astroparticle Physics 35, 839 (2012).

T.J. Ross et al. “Measurement of the entry-spin distribution imparted to the high excitation continuum region of gadolinium nuclei via (p,d) and (p,t) reactions.” Physical Review C 85, 051304 (2012).

N.D. Scielzo et al. “Statistical g rays in the analysis of surrogate nuclear reactions.” Physical Review C 85, 054619 (2012).

B.L. Goldblum et al. “Indirect determination of neutron capture cross sections on spherical and near-spherical nuclei using the surrogate method.” Physical Review C 85, 054616 (2012).

M. Wiedeking et al. “Low-energy enhancement in the photon strength of 95Mo.” Physical Review Letters 108, 162503 (2012).

E. Andreotti et al. “Search for double-beta decay of 130Te to the first 0+ excited state of 130Xe with the CUORICINO experiment bolometer array.” Physical Review C 85, 045503 (2012).

J.E. Escher, J.T. Burke, F.S. Dietrich, N.D. Scielzo, I.J. Thompson, W. Younes. “Compound-nuclear reaction cross sections from surrogate measurements.” Reviews of Modern Physics 84, 353 (2012).

R.O. Hughes et al. “Utilizing (p,d) and (p,t) reactions to obtain (n,f) cross sections in uranium nuclei via the surrogate-ratio method.” Physical Review C 85, 024613 (2012).

J. Fallis et al. “Mass measurements of isotopes of Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, and Rh along the nu p- and r p-process paths using the Canadian Penning trap mass spectrometer.” Physical Review C 84, 045807 (2011).

J. Gibelin et al. “Channel selection of neutron-rich nuclei following fusion-evaporation reactions of light systems.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 648, 109 (2011).

E. Andreotti et al. 130Te neutrinoless double-beta decay with CUORICINO.” Astroparticle Physics 34, 822 (2011).

J.J. Ressler et al. “Surrogate measurement of the 238Pu(n,f) cross section.” Physical Review C 83, 054610 (2011).

E. Andreotti et al. “Search for b+/EC double beta decay of 120Te.” Astroparticle Physics 34, 643 (2011).

D.L. Bleuel et al. “Gamma-ray multiplicity measurement of the spontaneous fission of 252Cf in a segmented HPGe/BGO detector array.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 624, 691 (2010).

J.M. Allmond et al. “Particle-gamma spectroscopy of the (p,dg)155Gd reaction: Neutron single-quasiparticle states at N=91.” Physical Review C 81, 064316 (2010).

E. Andreotti et al. “Muon-induced backgrounds in the CUORICINO experiment.” Astroparticle Physics 34, 18 (2010).

C. Arnaboldi et al. “Production of high purity TeO2 single crystals for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay.” Journal of Crystal Growth 312, 2999 (2010).

S.R. Lesher et al. “STARS/LiBerACE: Segmented silicon and high-purity germanium detector arrays for low-energy nuclear reaction and structure studies.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 621, 286 (2010).

R.D. Hoffman et al. “Reaction rate sensitivity of 44Ti production in massive stars and implications of a thick target yield measurement of 40Ca(a,g)44Ti.” Astrophysical Journal 715, 1383 (2010).

N.D. Scielzo et al. “Measurement of gamma-emission branching ratios for 154Gd, 156Gd, 158Gd compound nuclei: Tests of surrogate nuclear reaction approximations for (n,g) cross sections.” Physical Review C 81, 034608 (2010).

J.J. Ressler et al. “Fission fragment isomers populated via 6Li + 232Th.” Physical Review C 81, 014301 (2010).

B.L. Goldblum et al. “Indirect determination of the 230Th(n,f) and 231Th(n,f) cross sections for thorium-based nuclear energy systems.” Physical Review C 80, 044610 (2009).

N.D. Scielzo et al. “Double-beta decay Q values of 130Te, 128Te, and 120Te.” Physical Review C 80, 025501 (2009).

P.C. Bender et al. "Approaching the island of inversion: 34P." Physical Review C 80, 014302 (2009).

J.M. Allmond et al. “Relative 235U(n,g) and (n,f) cross sections from 235U(d,pg) and (d,pf).” Physical Review C 79, 054610 (2009).

S.R. Lesher et al. “The surrogate ratio method in the actinide region using the (a,a’f) reaction.” Physical Review C 79, 044609 (2009).

J. Fallis et al. “Determination of the proton separation energy of 93Rh from mass measurements.” Physical Review C 78, 022801 (2008).

M. Wiedeking et al. "Lifetime measurement of the first excited 2+ state in 16C.” Physical Review Letters 100, 152501 (2008).

J.R. Guest et al. "Laser trapping of 225Ra and 226Ra with repumping by room-temperature blackbody radiation." Physical Review Letters 98, 093001 (2007).

G. Savard et al. "Studies of neutron-rich isotopes with the CPT mass spectrometer and the CARIBU project." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 251, 252 (2006).

N.D. Scielzo et al. "Measurement of the lifetimes of the lowest 3P1 state of neutral Ba and Ra." Physical Review A 73, 010501 (2006).

G. Savard et al. "Q value of the superallowed decay of 46V and its influence on Vud and the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix." Physical Review Letters 95, 102501 (2005).

J.A. Clark et al. "Investigating the rp-process with the Canadian Penning trap mass spectrometer." European Physics Journal A 25, 629 (2005).

N.D. Scielzo et al. "Detecting shake-off electron-ion coincidences to measure b-decay correlations in laser trapped 21Na." Nuclear Physics A 746, 677C (2004).

G. Savard et al. "Q value of the superallowed decay of 22Mg and the calibration of the 21Na(p,g) experiment." Physical Review C 70, 042501 (2004).

N.D. Scielzo, S.J. Freedman, B.K. Fujikawa, P.A. Vetter. "Measurement of the b-n correlation using magneto-optically trapped 21Na." Physical Review Letters 93, 102501 (2004).

N.D. Scielzo, S.J. Freedman, B.K. Fujikawa, P.A. Vetter. "Recoil-ion charge-state distribution following the b+ decay of 21Na." Physical Review A, 68, 022716 (2003).

WPD Bronze Award (2025)

SD Gold Award (2024)

Director’s Science and Technology Award (2024)

DOE/SC Web Highlight for “New Beta-Decay Measurements in Mirror Nuclei Pin Down the Weak Nuclear Force” (2024)

Directorate Award for Excellence in Publication (LLNL, 2024)

Directorate Award for Science and Technology (LLNL, 2023)

Directorate Award for Science and Technology (LLNL, 2022)

Directorate Award for Outstanding Mentorship (LLNL, 2021)

Deputy Director’s S&T Excellence in Publication Award (LLNL, 2020)

NIF & PLS Leadership program (LLNL, 2019)

Director’s Science and Technology Award (LLNL, 2019)

Directorate Award for Excellence in Publication (×3) (LLNL, 2019)

Most Valued Reviewer, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A (2017)

Outstanding Reviewer Award from Journal of Physics G (2017)

Featured on cover of “Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: 65 Years of Excellence” book and poster (2017)

DOE/SC/NP Science Highlight for “Improved Tests of the Weak Nuclear Force from Beta Decay” (2016)

Directorate Award for Science and Technology (LLNL, 2013)

Directorate Award for Excellence in Publication (LLNL, 2012)

Spot Award for “Outstanding accomplishments in recruiting and mentoring” (LLNL, 2012)

Outstanding Performance Award (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2000)

Department of Physics Fellowship (University of California at Berkeley, 1997-1998)

Graduated Magna Cum Laude with Highest Honors (Harvard University, 1997)